The Trillium on the Web

September 2024

 

The online newsletter for NARGS Piedmont Chapter

Find us on Facebook https://www.facebook.com/PiedmontNARGS/

Featured Article

Hidden Gems of the Southern Blue Ridge Escarpment

 

by Ryan Schiller

The Southern Blue Ridge Escarpment Region is an area of dramatic elevation drop that straddles the South Carolina/North Carolina border up into Western North Carolina. Typically, the Blue Ridge Escarpment is a North to South orientation but, in this region that changes to a more west to east orientation. Because of this orientation, it allows for significant orographic lift on and around the escarpment. Moisture lifts out of the Gulf Of Mexico and seemingly “piles up” in areas on and around the escarpment. One such example is Lake Toxaway, NC, which averages a whopping 91 inches of rain a year, according to the Greenville National Weather Service! This abundant moisture is coupled with mild winter temperatures especially in microclimates such as Rock Houses and Spray Cliffs. Other factors that contribute to the diversity of the region are the varying topographic features and their underlying geology. From deep humid gorges with towering Hemlocks, dramatic cliffs, and exposed rock faces, an astounding array of plant communities can be found!

Photo courtesy Asheville WRX, unless otherwise noted, all photos by Ryan Schiller

There are many plant communities within the Southern Blue Ridge Escarpment that contribute to the region’s diversity. Here, I’ll spend a little bit describing a few of the many notable communities.

Cataract Fens are one the natural communities that often gets mentioned when one thinks of the Southern Blue Ridge Escarpment. Often these Cataract Fens are referred to as bogs which is incorrect. A true bog by definition has most of its nutrients and water derived from precipitation. This is known as an ombrotrophic wetland. On the other hand, fens receive their nutrients and water from seepage. To add further classification, fens can be “rich” and “poor. “Rich” fens are exactly what you’d think. They are rich in mineral content and tend to be more basic than “Poor Fens” which have a lower mineral content. In both examples, water is found sliding down smooth open rock outcrops creating a water slick, of sorts. The most iconic plants of these communities are Sarracenia jonesii (Mountain Sweet Pitcherplant) and Sarracenia purpurea var. montana (Southern Appalachian Purple Pitcherplant). Other notable species found include, Pogonia ophioglossoides (Small Spreading Pogonia), Parnassia grandifolia (Bigleaf Grass-Of-Parnassus), Fothergilla major (Mountain Witch-Alder), Eriocaulon texense (Texas Hatpins), Drosera brevifolia (Dwarf Sundew), and many more. Because of the unique conditions present, remarkably disjunct populations are present, including the latter two species.

Cataract Fen, Greenville Co. SC
Sarracenia jonesii Pickens Co. SC
Sarracenia jonesii Greenville Co. SC
Eriocaulon texense, Pickens Co. SC.

Another community that cannot go without mention when speaking of the Southern Blue Ridge Escarpment are the various types of rock outcrops. These rock outcrops are smoothed exposures of varying geology. Rock exposures made of granite gneiss tend to be more acidic. Mafic rock outcrops where amphibolite is found are high in magnesium in calcium.

A mafic outcrop and fen community. Pickens Co. SC

Species like Carex biltmoreana (Biltmore’s Sedge) and Sisyrinchium dichotomum (White Irisette) can only be found on these mafic outcrops. Typical plant species one may see on these outcrops include Bryodesma tortipilium (Twisted-hair Spikemoss), Hypericum gentianoides (Pineweed), Myriopteris tomentosa (Wooly Lip-fern), Myriopteris lanosa (Hairy Lip-fern), and many more.

A carpet of Melica mutica (Two-flower Melic), Pickens Co. SC
Myriopteris tomentosa (Woolly Lip-fern), Pickens Co. SC.
Myriopteris lanosa (Hairy Lip-fern), Pickens Co. SC
Packera dubia (Woolly Groundsel), Pickens Co. SC.

Without a doubt most people’s favorite plant community is the Rich cove. Typically coves in the region are north to northeast facing, generally have a stream running down the middle, pH <6.0, associated with Amphibolite, and are extremely diverse.

 

An entrance to a Rich cove in mid-spring, Pickens Co. SC

On one mountain in Pickens County, SC, an astonishing seven species of Trillium spp. can be found all under a canopy of mature Cladrastis kentukea (Yellowwood), ancient Liriodendron tulipifera (Tuliptree), and many other woody species. The Carex spp. (Sedge) diversity is also absurd. Twenty species of Carex spp. can be found in one Rich cove area in Oconee Co. SC. Species like Carex austrocaroliniana (South Carolina Sedge) and Carex radfordii (Radford’s Sedge) are endemic to the Southern Blue Ridge Escarpment.

Carex radfordii, Pickens Co. SC

Trillium spp. such as Trillium discolor (Pale Yellow Trillium), Trillium vaseyi (Vasey’s Trillium), Trillium simile (Sweet White Trillium), and a few more carpet the cove floors with their dazzling ephemeral displays.

 

Trillium discolor, Pickens Co. SC
Trillium sp. hybrid, Pickens Co. SC
Trillium rugelii, Pickens Co. SC

Ferns such as Diplaziopsis pycnocarpa (Glade Fern), Asplenium rhizophyllum (Walking Fern), etc, can be found with great abundance in some coves.

Diplaziopsis pycnocarpa, Pickens Co. SC
Asplenium rhizophyllum, Stephens Co. GA

I hope you enjoyed a very short sampling of the diversity that can be found in this one of a kind region. There are many more plants and communities to be shown! If you want to further indulge and learn more about this fascinating region, join me at the J.C. Raulston Arboretum on Saturday, September 21, at 10 A.M.

Book Review Corner

 

Bobby Ward Reviews

The Tree Collectors: Tales of Arboreal Obsession

by Amy Stewart

 

I have been a fan of Amy Stewart’s writings for many years. A couple of notable books come to mind: “Flower Confidential” (2007), about the cut-flower industry and plant breeders looking for that perfect flower—a blue rose, perhaps? and “The Drunken Botanist” (2013), a survey of the numerous plants worldwide that have been fermented and concocted over the centuries into alcoholic drinks—just check them out at your local liquor store and you’ll find all had their origins as plants. Now comes a new book from Stewart, “The Tree Collectors” (Random House, 2024), containing profiles of some 50 people who have obsessively bonded with trees in multiple and varied ways. Stewart illustrates the book with her watercolor portraits of these extraordinary people and the trees, fruits, and flowers they obsess over. In brief, you’ll meet a world of enthusiasts, curators, ecologists, preservationists, educators, artists and more who will introduce you to plant societies and a community of “collectors” whose passions are without bounds.

She covers a broad swath of tree aficionados: a topiarist (Mike Gibson), now in South Carolina, who originally began creating topiaries in Ohio and learned of the abstract art created by Pearl Fryar in Bishopville, South Carolina, whose work “closely resembled a Picasso or Henry Moore sculpture than clipped boxwoods.” Gibson helped restore the Fryar garden and now teaches nearby in Columbia.

In “The Tree Collectors” you will meet bonsai artists; rare fruit trees in Brazil; a camellia preservationist in Louisiana; pine cone, seed, leaf, and wood collectors; an arboretum at a nursing home for the chronic mentally ill in Poland; an expatriate’s arboretum in Chollipo, South Korea; zone pushers of tropical plants in Idaho; an Arctic arborist in Greenland; holly, apple, ginkgo, and magnolia collectors; champion trees; and the oak trees given to Olympic gold medal winners in Germany in 1936 (Jesse Owens received four Quercus robur)—and some places these oaks were planted around the world and are still surviving.

The Pulitzer-winning poet, W. S. Merwin moved to Hawaii and eventually turned nineteen acres of land, hoping to return it to a native rainforest. Over three decades he planted hundreds of palms, at the rate of one a day. The rarest he acquired was Tahina spectabilis, native to Madagascar, a gift from a palm specialist at Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Merwin is quoted as saying, “On the last day of the world, I would want to plant a tree.”
For the rock garden enthusiast Stewart writes of Far Reaches Botanical Conservancy in Washington, where Sue Milliken and Kelly Dobson operate a for-profit nursery and a non-profit conservancy, whose “broader purpose of the conservancy is to safeguard species under threat from human activity and climate change.”

I have one quibble about “The Tree Collectors” and that is the lack of an index. Coming from a household with a librarian, it’s not easy to find Dennis Wilson (the wood collector), or Tom Cox’s “Noah’s Ark of Plants” in Canton, Georgia; or even the arborist (Dave Muffly) at Steven Jobs’s Apple Computer campus in California, although admittedly the three are randomly listed in the contents. But without an index you wouldn’t know about the neem tree (Azidirachta indica) or the Baishanzu fir (Abies beshanzuensis).
Overall, “The Tree Collectors” is a worthy addition for your bookshelf. Like coin or stamp collectors, you’ll meet some geeky, obsessed, passionate, but also normal people—some on a lifelong pursuit. “I started to see that the life of a tree collector is filled with adventure and wonder. It is a life well lived,” Stewart writes.
And, yes, the pages of Stewart’s book are made of paper . . . from trees.

 

 

 

 

Jim Hollister Reviews

From Wasteland to Wonder

by Basil Camu

 

 

 

This is a well written and richly illustrated book. It is the first book I have experienced that is loaded with QR codes that will take the reader to supporting articles or videos. I checked out most of them and found them to be worthwhile. You can tell Basil thinks outside the box and this outside the box thinking makes for a compelling reading/learning experience.

Basil leads the reader through how healthy natural systems work. Soil, water, critters… He then describes some of the ways we have worked to defeat these healthy natural systems, and then on to practical ways each of us can do things around our homes to make our corner of the world a little bit better.

But his vision goes beyond the individual yard to communities. He has created Project Pando. Project Pando works with the community to collect seeds from native trees and shrubs. They then grow these seeds into saplings and then give them away to restoration projects. They support this work with research, education, and events that help further their mission.

Basil really stresses the growth of natives. We all know the argument for natives… basically native bug food. And I am happy to include many natives in my garden, but we all know many “exotics” can also nurture our native critters. Take, for example, Aristolochia fimbriata, the South American pipevine. Our North American Pipevine Swallowtails love to lay their eggs on it and the little caterpillars grow fat as they eat the Aristolochia to the ground, but being a geophyte the pipevine comes back quickly to feed another brood. I’d say we also know the importance of feeding our soil and not trying to cure everything with a chemical cocktail, so I think overall he would generally approve of what we do and consider us as allies in the job of healing the Earth.

I would love to be able to get my neighbors to embrace a more natural approach to maintaining the landscape. This book is offered through the Leaf & Limb website as an ebook for free, or a hardcopy for the very reasonable price of $10.75. I opted for the hard copy and I am glad I did. It is a beautiful book. 

 

 

Plant Profile: Trachelospermum asiaticum ‘Ogon Nishiki’

An evergreen vine, leaves gold with dark green edges. The emerging leaves are a bright orange-red. It is tough and totally drought tolerant. Mine has been in a hypertufa trough for 20 years and has not drooped once!! It is deer resistant, takes sun or part shade, and takes a minimum temperature of 10F. It did not mind the cold 11 degrees a couple of winters ago. Being a vine, it does run, but confined in a trough it has not been invasive.
The color is a stand out all year. Truly a tough plant with many good features.

by Amelia Lane

Piedmont Donates

 

Money raised at plant sales and auctions helps the Piedmont Chapter  support other organizations in the horticulture community.

Thanks to all our donors and members!

 

2024 donations total $6000, including $2500 each to the JC Raulston Arboretum and Juniper Level Botanic Garden Foundation, and $1000 to the NARGS Traveling Speaker Program.

Refreshment Rota

 

Bring goodies to share!

 

September, last names A-C

October D-F, November G-H

January J-L, February M-P

March R-S, April T-Z 

 

Julia Corden took her early training in Horticulture at Royal Horticultural Society Wisley and Royal Botanical Garden Edinburgh She has judged at the Chelsea Flower Show and served on RHS Committees. She has been very involved with the Scottish Rock Garden Club and is past President

She has led tours for the Alpine Garden Society, the Scottish Rock Garden Club and the Royal Horticultural Society She is also a Freelance Botanical/Garden Tour Guide for Brightwater Holidays and has led tours to Switzerland, Greece, Costa Rica, Chile, South Africa, Japan and New Zealand to name a few.

Up until the onset of the Covid Pandemic, she was the Garden Manager at the Explorers Garden in Pitlochry and is currently the Head Gardener at The Goodwood Estate in West Sussex.

 

Coming October 10-11, 2025

Piedmont Chapter’s 40th Anniversary Weekend!

 

 

Help plan our big celebration! 

Contact: Chapter Chair Sandy Harwood

email listed on Members Only page

 

SAVE THE DATES

 

Friday, October 10, 2025

Gala dinner with keynote speaker  Julia Corden 

Open to chapter members and guests only

 

 

Saturday, October 11, 2025

Chapter meeting at JCRA with NARGS Traveling Speaker Julia Corden 

Open to chapter members and the public

Message from the Chair 

Almost official fall greetings. I suspect you too are welcoming the cooler temps and looking forward to our chapter 2024-2025 year. Bobby has put together another great year of programs and speakers. In 2025 we will be celebrating a chapter anniversary and legacy of 40 years with some special events – in addition to our traditional picnicking, botanizing field trips, selling plants, packaging seeds, welcoming new members and more. I am looking forward to catching up on your summer travel adventures, new plant obsessions, summer standouts and other surprises.

We are also in what I will call the PMTE – ‘Post Marian Trillium Era’. As most of you know Marian Stephenson retired earlier this year after 20 years as editor of our outstanding newsletter ‘The Trillium’. A very very special thanks to Cyndy who is creating a home for content on the website.

Please invite or bring a friend to meetings, continue to explore the website and peruse (explore, revisit, binge) the 67 program videos in our playlist on the JC Raulston YouTube channel.

Cheers and keep growing!
Sandy

 

Members Please Note

 

Lasting Impressions’ Garage Gallery & Plant Sale
Saturday, October 26, 2024
10am-2pm
4904 Hermitage Dr., Raleigh, NC 27612

Please join us for our Fall sale, 20% off hypertufa troughs and concrete leaves. There will be plenty of plants too, just in time for fall planting. We hope you can come and enjoy the garden.

 

 

The August 3, 2024 Board Meeting Minutes, including Financial and Program Reports, submitted by Char Thomann, Secretary, are available at the link: NARGS minutes 8-3-2024

 

Chapter members are invited to submit articles, book reviews and photos for online publication to Cyndy Cromwell – find my email on the Members Only page. Travel, gardening techniques and stories, plant profiles and book reviews are some of the topics you might cover. Thanks for your contributions!